Monday, December 30, 2019

How Technology Affects Our Education Essay - 1357 Words

Is technology changing the way we think and the way we learn? The internet is a powerful source that has taken over our current generation. The way we do things is changing every day and technology is advancing faster than ever. We don’t think like we used to because we have no reason to anymore, with the internet we have many ways to get by things without having to try hard or to memorize anything. The internet highly affects our brains and the power of education. The internet not only affects our brains, it also affects our education through other ways, such as social media, and a source for us to rely on instead of working as hard as we need to. Not everyone may realize this, but the internet is slowly changing our minds. There are positives and negative ways that technology is affecting our education. The negatives include forgetfulness and memorization skills. Technology has been causing our brains to become forgetful, this is because we read so many online post and articles that our brains get rid of the stuff that isn’t relevant. In the article â€Å"How does technology affect our brains?† by Andi Horvath states, â€Å"We’ve lost sight of the fact that forgetfulness is a normal and necessary phenomenon. We must keep pushing information out so it can deal with information coming in and if it gets overloaded we become forgetful.† What he states is true, we don’t need all the information that our brain stores, but forgetfulness does harm our education. If students don’t bother toShow MoreRelatedTechnology : The Impact Of Technology And Its Impact On The Future905 Words   |  4 Pa gesan era of advanced technology, where every part of our daily lives is impacted by it. Recently we have found ourselves heavily dependent on the use technology and our needs and demands for more keep rising. The more advanced it becomes, the more it seems to have control over our lives. While it is impossible to explore how each new advanced technology has impacted our lives and how it will impact the future, it continues to affect our environment, people and society. Technology by its self is notRead MoreHow Personal Computers Affect Student s Learning Processes Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, technology like personal computers and tablets have become more accessible and inexpensive. The aim of this research is to inform the public and education institutions on how personal computers affect student’s learning processes in the classroom. Most universities require the access to computers in order to perform task and write assignments. This has manifested in having more computers in a classroom used by the lecturers and students. The massive evolution and consumption of technology haveRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Economy1197 Words   |  5 Pageschanges not only in our personal lives, but as well as in the workplace. These drastic changes are due to the rise in technology and how it will continue to affect the way the economy works when looking at unemployment rates, economic growth, and inflation. It is becoming quite clear that the future of the workplace will be less centralized, more flexible, more mobile, and with a stronger use of AI. These along with other trends will continue to grow with the increase in mobile technology, the never-endingRead MoreScience And Technology909 Words   |  4 PagesI will write how the thinking about science and technology implications especially on science education. Currently everything is related to technology, It is worth the technology developed not focus on science education only. should be recognized the connection between science and technology can not be separated. Although technology and science are closely intertwined between the two, certainly can be expanded or developed technology, so no need to rely on science. In this case most people seeRead MorePositive helpful Technology Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pages Our technology has led to the advancements in the health industry making it easier for sick people to get the treatment they need. Technology use being taught to children is a positive use for the future of education and is necessary for students to succeed in the world, with this education it enables them to be better prepared for the world that awaits them when they enter college and work force. Even the environment is impacted when we stop to take the time to research the things we use likeRead MoreThe Importance of Education Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages An education is something that one can keep for a lifetime. Acquiring a good education can affect one’s personal life, one’s community, and one’s entire generation. The only person who truly controls how educated I am, is me. My education feeds my intelligence, and since I want to be an intellectual, I want an exemplary education. In the end, no one can transfer knowledge from one brain to another, like a money transfer from account to account. It is something that I have to achieveRead MoreIs Facebook Making Us Lonely?1568 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Technology is a Convenience to the 21st Century.† Social Networking in the 21st century is raising awareness and caused the society negatively when technologies came out. When a person gets home from school or work, the first thing the person did was logging in Facebook, Instagram, and other social network. Physical interactions compared to only talking behind a keyboard are much better ways to express ourselves. The article, â€Å"Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?† by Stephan Marche, he explained how theRead MoreAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy The dispute of how adults learn is an ever developing subject matter since the 1920’s when adult learning became a professional field of practice (Merriam, S., 2001). Questions such as, do adults learn differently from children? Are adults able to learn quicker, independently, or in the same environment? These are just some examples of a multitude of questions that have been raised since scientists began investigating Adult Learning. I intend to clarify someRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1198 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is used on a daily basis to accomplish specific tasks or interests. Modern technology increases human capabilities and this technology has evolved with years. Technology simplifies life in so many ways and everyone defines technology in their own way. They’re new types of technology on the market, this technology simplifies our daily lives. They’re endless demands as consumers of technology, people use technology to accompli sh simple tasks every day. Technology’s used in business, educationRead MoreTechnology And Society : Impact Of Technology On Society1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Technology has impacted people, businesses and society as a whole. The roles that technology has played on communication, business and education have been more than impactful. As the power of computers continue to increase with help from databases, social networking and businesses, it adds an increase to office productivity compared to using typewriters, and filing cabinets. Although there are plenty of good things about technology, the way we use it determines if it impacts are positive

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Wife Of Bath A Story Of A Woman - 849 Words

The Wife of Bath is a story of a woman who has been married numerous times. The Wife was married five times to be exact. In which the Wife of Bath considers herself to be a professional due to her experiences of marriage. The Wife of Bath is on a defensive roll of defending marriage. This could be due to the many criticisms she has received from society itself. This tale also provides us with an understanding of the role of women from a personal perspective, as well as a societal perspective. In the Wife of Bath there is a tension that is struck between societal expectation and individual desire, and that is foreseen through the topic of marriage. The Wife of Bath provides us with details about medieval femininity, masculinity, and sexuality. Basically, what it was like to be a man or a woman in Medieval society. The Wife of Bath also provides us with an insight on gender and sex roles. Whether or not it was straightforward or complex. The Wife of Bath has a switch up in the roles of femininity and masculinity. Men are on the bottom. Men are undermined, and taken advantage of by the Wife of Bath. The Wife of Bath portrays the woman’s role as having the upper hand. Women are in control. The Wife of Bath portrays that woman are out for wealth, control, sex, and power by marriage when she states â€Å"I can’t keep continent for years and years†¦one husband’s dead and gone, some other Christian man will take me on.† The Wife of Bath claims to â€Å"First put them in the wrong, and out ofShow MoreRelated Wife of Bath in Chaecers Canterbury Tales Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesCanterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer the story tells about men and women going on pilgrimages, among them the Wife of Bath in search of her 6th husband, who go on a journey to pay their respect to Sir Thomas à ¡ Becket. During the story the Wife of Bath strongly expresses herself as a very strong woman an d knows what she expects with the men shes with. As well as this, with all her beauty and respect she was given in life the Wife of Bath displays herself highly. Finally, she ideals herRead More Canterbury Tales: A Feminist Perspective of Wife of Bath Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesA Feminist Perspective of Wife of Bath Many literary critics throughout the years have labeled the Wife of Bath, the gap-toothed (23) character of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, a feminist. She is a strong-willed and dominant woman who gets what she wants when she wants it. However, this is not the definition of a feminist. A feminist is someone who believes that women and men are equal, while also is able to recognize and appreciate the unique characteristics of both sexes. ARead MoreIntelligent, Manipulative, and Lovers: Women Throughout Literature953 Words   |  4 PagesShahrazad and the Wife of Bath, Shahrazad is fighting to live while the Wife of Bath is simply on a journey playing a story telling game. Although in very different situations they both have the same strengths and similar characteristics, and this adds up to show the role of women at the current time of the works and now. In the Thousand and One Nights, Shahrazad tries to change the Kings ways of killing the woman he sleeps with the night before. She lies to him and begins to tell stories each night forRead MoreSexual Relations in Wife of Bath Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Relations in Wife of Bath Sexual relations between men and woman have created issues of life and death from the beginning of time. In most classic Western beliefs it began when Eve with the help of the Devil seduced Adam thus leading the downfall of humanity into an abyss of sin and hopelessness. This issue arises in all literature from Genesis, Chaucer and into modern day. Authors, clerks and writers of all types have aided stereotyping women throughout history and Geoffrey Chaucer isRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesCanterbury Tales is a set of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tale. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but most do not. The Priore ss, Madame Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, are two charactersRead MoreChaucers Use of the Female Gender to Shape His Text with Reference to Wife of Bath1034 Words   |  5 Pagesto Shape His Text with Reference to Wife of Bath With reference to Chaucers Wife of Bath, we can clearly see how Chaucer uses the female gender to shape his text. Chaucer uses the female gender to show the many chacteristics or traits a female may have. He shows this through the tale of the Wife of Bath and the female characters in the tale such as the old women. Chaucer hopes to give us an insight into a womens thought and desires. The Wife of Bath tells the tale of a young knight whomRead MoreFeminist Analysis Of The Wife Of Bath 1419 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in the Wife of Bath The story of the Wife of Bath provides an insight to the role women were expected to play during the late middle ages. In the Prologue, Alice narrates her story guided by her life experience and religious beliefs. Alice is a reformed woman who goes against the patriarchal community’s expectation of women being suppressed by their men (Carter, 309). According to Kittredge (440), the wife of bath contradicts the church’s expectation that the wife should be loyal and holyRead MoreThe Changing Society of the Middle Ages in The Wife of Bath Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Society of the Middle Ages in The Wife of Bath When the Middle Ages began, society was divided into a rigid class system. But by the time Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, the world was changing rapidly. A new social mobility was granted, and the middle or working class was created. Before this, women were ignored and often blamed for the plights of their society, and the new social mobility opened many new doors for women. Women, whom for years were starved forRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Powerful Wife of Bath1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Powerful Wife of Bath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chacers The Canterbury Tales we are introduced to 29 people who are going on a pilgrimage to St. Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. Each person is represented to fit a unique type of behavior as shown by people during the medieval ages.   My attention was drawn to the Wife of Bath through which Chaucer notes the gender inequalities.   Predominantly, women could either choose to marry and become a childbearing wife or go intoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Wife Of Bath 1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Fails: An Analysis of Misogyny in the Wife of Bath’s Tale At first glance, you wouldn’t think that the Wife of Bath’s tale is anything other than feminist. She is, undeniably, the only non-religious female character in The Canterbury Tales and therefore is the only character who is approached from a point of view that was generally uncommon. We don’t have many— or even any, as far as I’m aware— pieces of medieval literature written by or for women or with a main female protagonist

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Poverty Understanding Free Essays

In this article â€Å"What is Poverty† the author Jo Goodwin Parker, created great examples of Poverty. The main characteristics of poverty are dirtiness in her eyes unhealthy, not a lot of money the way of life and how you handle it. For example, â€Å"Poverty is being tired† to her the whole poverty thing was effecting her life and there was nothing you or anybody else could do about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty Understanding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another example â€Å"The poor are always silent. Can you be silent too†? this showed that she described herself as the homeless person and her poverty was this world that Parker, is living in. What the author did not have she showed that she could not afford such as food, nutrition, clothing, education, this basically was lack of human needs what she wanted but could not afford on her time of day. This is my personal option everybody has Poverty because it is always something out there that somebody can’t afforded something that somebody else has For example, somebody might have a bigger house then me that poverty, or my next door neighbor has food and I don’t that’s poverty. I feel that the author took it upon herself to make the reader understand that poverty is life, and it comes in all different shapes and sizes; starting from clothing to food from that to dirt. I honestly think that I can agree with Parker when she explains poverty understanding that poverty is life it is what we live in until this day. I experience poverty more then once a day dealing with insurance my health and getting around I use this to real life experience because poverty is what makes the world go around. The strategies and the techniques the author used was incredible she showed that tone in this story to get her point across, she used pity but wanted you to set aside the pity and hear her out for example, â€Å"Listen without pity† also she described poverty as all the things in the world a human can go through and all the basic needs a human should have but doesn’t known as poverty. Parker describes the pain and suffering an individual in any life time you can go through like when she explains about the baby â€Å"They told me at the hospital when the baby came that I had chronic anemia from poor diet† which makes her feel like down graded because she already knows that she doesn’t have the right things to take care of her body(poverty). The whole thing sums it up for society poverty from reading this article is basic needs and the world can do only so little to help you. How to cite Poverty Understanding, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

A Statistical Profile of Australian Courts - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the A Statistical Profile of Australian Courts. Answer: Facts of the Case: In SZSXT v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection the applicant is SZSXT whereas the respondents to the case are the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection and the Judges of the Federal Justice Court of Australia. The applicant cannot read, write or speak in English and depends upon the interpreter in order to communicate with the government. The applicant on April 12 arrived as Christmas Island from Iraq as an asylum seeker and thereafter on July 2012, he applied for protection visa. However his application for such visa was unsuccessful. The applicant in order to seek review of the decision under the Tribunal was represented by Mr Ford from Playfair Visa and Migration Services however such review was also unsuccessful. In May 2013, his friends recommended him to Mr Sarkis in order to resolve the issue. Mr Sarkis misrepresented himself as an expert and ensured that he will help the applicant in getting a permanent visa on signing certain documents. On 17th December 2 013, an application was filed by the applicant that contained both originating and interlocutory applications. Such applications were presented before the Federal Court of Justice in order to seek relief on various matters including the confinement of the Minister from abolishing the applicant from Australia. However the originating application was pending before the Federal Circuit Court which was to seek judicial review of a decision before the Court. The Federal Circuit Court did not extend the time period in order to grant permission to the applicant in seeking judicial review of a previous decision made by the Refugee Review Tribunal. Legal Issues: After proper evaluation of the case study the issues has been observed can be emphasized. The applicant stated that a jurisdictional error was committed by the Judge of Federal Circuit Court by rejecting an order to grant extension of time. The Court failed to provide attention to the jurisdictional error made by the Tribunal by failing to comply with the 2012 UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines on the concern of relocating within Iran. The Federal Circuit Court has considered the immaterial factors and therefore directed the applicant to seek help from the Minister rather than the Court. Mr. Sarkis committed a fraud on the Court while conducting the application of the applicant. Legal principles: In the present case study it can be observed that the Federal Justice Court while evaluating the issues involved in the case made its decision by depending on three different legislations- Section 20(1A) of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth), Section 39B of the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) and Sections 476 and 477 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth). The provisions of Section 20(1A) states that in case of matters where it was determined by the Chief Justice that such matter is of utmost importance then in such cases it is applicable it can be heard by a Full Court following the provisions of section 20(1A) of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976[1]. The originating and interlocutory application presented by the applicant before the Federal Circuit Court has been heard by a Full Court according to the directions given by the Chief Justice under the provisions of Section 20(1A) of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth)[2]. In this regard an application for judicial review was presented before the Court under the provisions of Section 39B of the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth). After hearing the appeals of both the parties Justice Cowdroy rejected the interlocutory application and directed to comply with the amended originating application. The applicant filed an application in the Federal Circuit Court which has been declared as an application under Section 476 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth)[3]. Section 476 deals with the jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit Court while making decisions where it has been emphasized that a Federal Circuit Court has no jurisdiction in case of a primary decision and a privative clause decision[4]. However the extension of time is sought under Section 477 and therefore in the present cases the applicant presented an application in order to seek extension of time. The Federal Circuit Court however did not allow extension of time[5]. Importance of Administrative Law: Administrative law governs the decisions made by the executive of the government in accordance to the individuals or corporations acting under the higher authority[6]. In regard to the given case study which deals with the issues of immigration law that has been regarded as a kind of administrative law as it contours the decisions made by a Minister through the delegates or through independent tribunals. The subject matter of administrative law laid emphasis on the judicial review of the decision of administrative bodies. The scope of Administrative law has been rightly applied in SZSXT v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection because various procedural errors were observed while making decision regarding the case and the Judge acted in unreasonableness while making the decision in relation to the judicial review made by the Refugee Review Tribunal. Bibliography: Cameron, Matthew. "From queue jumpers to absolute scum of the earth: Refugee and organised criminal deviance in Australian asylum policy."Australian Journal of Politics History59.2 (2013): 241-259. Hammond, Emily, and David L. Markell. "Administrative Proxies for Judicial Review: Building Legitimacy from the Inside-Out." (2013). Opeskin, Brian. "State of the Judicature: A Statistical Profile of Australian Courts and Judges."Revista Forumul Judecatorilor(2014): 133. Pickering, Sharon, and Leanne Weber. "Policing transversal borders."The Borders of Punishment. Migration, Citizenship, and Social Exclusion(2013): 93-110. Pietsch, Juliet. "Immigration and refugees: punctuations in the Commonwealth policy agenda."Australian Journal of Public Administration72.2 (2013): 143-155. Pietsch, Juliet. "Immigration and refugees: punctuations in the Commonwealth policy agenda."Australian Journal of Public Administration72.2 (2013): 143-155. Szewczyk, Bart MJ. "Customary International Law and Statutory Interpretation: An Empirical Analysis of Federal Court Decisions."Geo. Wash. L. Rev.82 (2013): 1118. [1] Szewczyk, Bart MJ. "Customary International Law and Statutory Interpretation: An Empirical Analysis of Federal Court Decisions."Geo. Wash. L. Rev.82 (2013): 1118. [2] Opeskin, Brian. "State of the Judicature: A Statistical Profile of Australian Courts and Judges."Revista Forumul Judecatorilor(2014): 133. [3] Pietsch, Juliet. "Immigration and refugees: punctuations in the Commonwealth policy agenda."Australian Journal of Public Administration72.2 (2013): 143-155. [4] Pickering, Sharon, and Leanne Weber. "Policing transversal borders."The Borders of Punishment. Migration, Citizenship, and Social Exclusion(2013): 93-110. [5] Cameron, Matthew. "From queue jumpers to absolute scum of the earth: Refugee and organised criminal deviance in Australian asylum policy."Australian Journal of Politics History59.2 (2013): 241-259. [6] Hammond, Emily, and David L. Markell. "Administrative Proxies for Judicial Review: Building Legitimacy from the Inside-Out." (2013).

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Hardness Tests and Charpy Impact free essay sample

To compare the hardness between mild steel, carbon steel through Vickers Hardness Test. 2) To compare the hardness between High Quality Carbon Steel and ASSAB steel through Rockwell Hardness Test. 3) To compare the hardness between carbon steel and mild steel through Brinell Hardness Test. 4) To study the differences between mild steel and carbon steel upon Charpy Impact Test. Introduction: Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a metal to permanent (plastic) deformation. The hardness of a metal is measured by forcing an indenter into its surface. The indenter material, which is usually a ball, pyramid, or cone, is made of a material much harder than the material being tested. The hardness of a metal depends on the ease with which it plastically deforms. Thus the relationship between hardness and strength for a particular metal can be determined empirically. The hardness test is much simpler than the tensile test and can be nondestructive. We will write a custom essay sample on Hardness Tests and Charpy Impact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For these reasons, the hardness test is used extensively in industry for quality control. Here are the tests that usually used to determine the hardness of a material. 1) Vickers Hardness Test ) Rockwell Hardness Test 3) Brinell Hardness Test 4) Charpy Impact Test * Vickers Hardness Test The Vickers hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid with a square base and an angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected to a load of 1 to 100 kgf. The full load is normally applied for 10 to 15 seconds. The two diagonals of the indentation left in the surface of the material after removal of the load are measured using a microscope and their average calculated. The area of the sloping surface of the indentation is calculated. The Vickers hardness is the quotient obtained by dividing the kgf load by the square mm area of indentation. F=Load in kgf d = Arithmetic mean of the two diagonals, d1 and d2 in mm HV = Vickers hardness To obtain the value of hardness, Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) is calculated as below: VHN=Mass of the loadSloping surface of the intentation =2PSin136Â °2d2 =1. 854Fd2approximately Where, P=applied forcekgf d=d1+d22 * Rockwell Hardness Test This method has 2 main scales which are: a) Scale B, concavity is a steel ball (1. 58 mm? ) and load using is 100 kgf. b) Scale C, concavity is a cone diamond having corner 120Â ° and load is 150 kgf. Rockwell hardness (HR) can be calculated as equation below: HRC=100-d0. 002 HRB=130-d0. 002 Where d=concavity * The Brinell Hardness Test The Brinell hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg. For softer materials the load can be reduced to 1500 kg or 500 kg to avoid excessive indentation. The full load is normally applied for 10 to 15 seconds in the case of iron and steel and for at least 30 seconds in the case of other metals. The diameter of the indentation left in the test material is measured with a low powered microscope.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Debate Against PAS essays

Debate Against PAS essays According to CARE (Cooperative for Americans Remittances to Europe), PAS is morally, legally and medically unacceptable. Morally, as a society we have a moral obligation and social responsibility to care for those who are elderly, dying or disabled. The legalization of PAS would result in pressure, and/or perceived for the vulnerable to request PAS. Legally, the legalization of PAS would fundamentally change the basis on which the criminal law is founded namely for intentional killing. The prohibition of intentional killing protects us all, and any chance, as the Dutch have found, would be impossible to Police, not least because the key witness is dead. Medically, the role of doctors has been to cure and care but never to kill their patients. The legalization f PAS would fundamentally change the role of the doctor and the relationship of trust between the doctor and patient. According to the Church against Assisted Suicide, PAS is against The Sanctity of Life. As Christians, our faith shapes our attitude towards sickness and death in three important ways. First, we believe that human life is a gift from God to be cherished and respected. In heeding Gods command, Thou shall not kill, we recognize that we cannot dispose of life as we please. Second, we believe that the Son of God became man to reconcile us with the Father and to be our model of holiness (Matthew 11:29). By living among us, Jesus created a new communion or solidarity among us (1 Corinthians 12:26-27), making everyone a neighbor worthy of our charity and care (Luke 10:25-36). Third, we believe that we are redeemed by Christ and called to share eternal life with him. Christians live in a world knowing that although the advantages that science and technology provide enrich out lives immensely in so many different ways, they will never exempt us from our own personal encounter with the myster y of death. According to Leon R. Kass, a ethicist, phys...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL Case Study - 1

FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, MORAL HAZARD, ADVERSE SELECTIONS, - Case Study Example Securitization can be considered as a disruptive innovation as it drove the world economy into an all-time debauched predicament whose shattering effects are still felt to-date in America and the world over (Driffill, 2013). Securitization is a financial engineering practice where financial institutions create a pool of assets, including mortgages and loans, and resell the repackaged assets to investors who takes responsibility of the assets thereafter (Bertaut & National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011). The mushrooming of securitization saw the emergence of asset-backed security (ABS) as a common type of mortgage-backed security (MBS) and a structured investment vehicle (SIVs) which become a driving force in the financial crisis by empowering banking institutions to possess superfluous capital which could be given out as loans to prospective homeowners without clear ascertainment of their credit worthiness (Glaeser,  E.  L., & Sinai, 2013; Farmer, 2010). Eric (2010) asserts that MBS was flavored by apportioning between agency MBS, and non-agency MBS. The agency MBS were insured by the government thus resulting to no real credit risk to the investors a factor that made it effective for many organizations to offer mortgage loans to mortgage loan seekers who later painfully defaulted the loans (Manoj, 2010). Apparently, securitization endorsed the disintegration of risks. Investors and mortgage seekers could gravitate towards investments or transactions that best met their reward or risk preferences. This was consequentially backed by securitization which transformed the mortgage market to a lascivious condition. It transferred possession of mortgages from lenders to investment banks and non-bank financial institutions (Batten & Szilagyi, 2011). Noteworthy, the mortgage owners were well acquainted with information pertaining to their borrowers default probability, but securitization bestowed the obligation of offering loans on investment banks

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

In your study team you are required to analyse the UK Brewing Essay

In your study team you are required to analyse the UK Brewing industry. You have been provided with a report prepared by the Bri - Essay Example Further, governments are levying more and more taxes on this industry to regulate the monetary crisis. UK BEER INDUSTRY Beer is called the national drink of UK. However, the present statistics have reported that beer consumption has decreased in UK by 3.1% in last 12 months (BBPA, 2008, p. 3). This reduction in the consumption of beer is causing UK brewing industries to downsize and even close their breweries. There are a number of key factors that are causing the decrease in the rate of consumption of beer. Major factors causing the shift in consumption patterns can be categorized into change in trends, financial, political and economic issues. FACTORS AFFECTING UK BEER INDUSTRY CHANGE OF TRENDS The rate of beer consumption in UK has been affected hugely by the shift in trends that has resulted into a change of preferences. According to BBPA’s report, â€Å"Since 1979, per capita consumption of beer has fallen by 33 per cent.† (BBPA, 2008, p. 3) It further stated that â€Å"men fell from 17.2 units a week in 1998 to 14.9 in 2006. By women, it fell from 6.5 units to 6.3, having been at 7.6 in 2002† (BBPA, 2008, p. 8). ... Beer used to be a popular drink a century ago, but today the introduction of sodas, various juices and drinks have lessened its charm and popularity despite being UK’s national drink. 2. Demographic Shift The migration and settlement of the people from all over the world in UK can also be regarded as an important factor in lowering the rate of consumption of beer. The ever increasing population of Muslims in UK has also resulted in the reduction of alcohol consumption as Muslims refrain from drinking beer and other alcoholic products. 3. Ban The ban on alcohol consumption within workplaces is also affecting the sale of beer. A restriction on drinking alcoholic products while travelling has also led to a reduction in the sales of beer as a lesser number of people want to go against the law. Though there are toasts raised and wines served in social gatherings and business parties, the average decrease is quite prominent. 4. Health Consciousness The increase in the health conscio usness is also causing people to avoid drinking alcohol. It is further promoted by anti drug agencies and nutritionists who regard alcohol as an additional burden on the wallet, a threat to lives of drinkers and the people around them, and a ticket to one’s journey to prison cells. FINANCIAL ISSUES Along with the changing trends, financial issues are affecting the brewing industry badly. People have found things more important to buy than a pint of beer. Beer is now considered as a luxury since it has become extremely expensive due to the imposition of new government regulations. Major factors contributing to the financial issues causing lesser consumption of beer include the ever increasing prices of beer, lesser affordability due to unemployment and

Monday, November 18, 2019

W3 Disc Incentive Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3 Disc Incentive Programs - Essay Example ling to leave for boot camp as soon as possible, for advanced civilian skills, electing to defer their enlistment and more† (Army Bonus and Incentive Overview, 2010, p. 1). According to Cokins (2009), the three components of an effective incentive system are as follows: (1) involvement of employees; (2) setting SMART objectives; and (3) recognition of performance of employees according to well-designed standards. As such, after evaluating the incentive program of the U.S. Army, it could be deduced that the three components are duly integrated. For instance, the Partnership for Youth SuccesS (PAYS) ensures future employment to those who joined the Army through the partner organizations (Partnership for Youth Success (PAYS), n.d.). This program ensures involvement of the members; setting objectives of gaining employment after the service; and giving due recognition to those who served the Army through the provision of ready employment to partner organizations. Overall, the U.S. Army has designed effective incentive programs to those who serve their country, through the presence of the three components, as above noted. As such, a continued supply of qualified and competent recruits and soldiers are being developed and maintained with the provision of monetary and non-monetary awards to them and to their family

Friday, November 15, 2019

The United States Of Africa Or Pan Africanism Politics Essay

The United States Of Africa Or Pan Africanism Politics Essay One of the introductory sources used to introduce the Life Orientation Research Task Umbrella Topic uses the idea that all human beings originated from Africa, due to anthropological DNA profiling proof, and the idea that we are all originally African. While it is all very well that Americans and Europeans etc. want to dig into their roots finding linkages to being African, and in turn, establishing a sense of unanimity amongst all Human Beings since we all come from one place, my research project explores the topic from an African perspective, investigating whether or not Africans from different parts of the continent actually feel united themselves. An idea for a United States of Africa was first vaguely suggested back when Africa was ruled by Colonialists. However, in recent years, the African Union looked into actually making this idea a reality. My motivation behind this research topic is that as a Ghanaian by roots, but a born and bred South African, I have dealt with a bit of an identity crisis, not really feeling like I truly belong in either country. I have experienced and have been emotionally affected by situations in which Africans look down on other Africans, and see themselves as different to, or separate from other Africans of different countries and even different ethnical groups. For so many years, all African countries have had to face a range of problems, from the issue of African independence, to the continuous problem of poverty. As a continent that is perceived as primitive and underdeveloped in comparison to the rest of the world, the concept that becoming united could help us rise above the problems of Africa and possibly make us the most powerful and influential country/continent is a very attractive idea. The amount of general natural resources found all across this continent could be very beneficial for us, and as one big country, there might be more control over the resources, as opposed to foreign forces coming in and taking advantage of these resources in the possession of minor, defenceless countries. There is the potential to create a very strong force of the 54 states that could be very intimidating when it comes to foreign affairs. My aim for this project is to explore the likelihood of this idea. I aim to investigate the opinions and perspective of citizens from various African nations, investigating the way in which they perceive Africa at this current moment. I aim to compare the way in which South Africans view this issue, and the way that other Africans view this issue, to see whether the final result is a united view, or whether it is more of a South African point of view due to different cultural environments. With this information, I am going to analyse whether this could be a good idea, obviously not from a professional point of view, but from a common citizen point of view, seeing as most of my interviewees will be everyday people. Would it be practical or even realistic to form a United States of Africa as an effective solution to our problems? Would Africans be comfortable relinquishing their countrys names, flags, and proud nationality to become one and the same as people they once referred to as the other Africans? My theory is that most Africans do not see themselves as equals to Africans of other nations, and my research project will hopefully determine whether this is true or not. Literature Review The United States of Africa or Pan-Africanism The African Union, an organisation made up of members of 54 countries of Africa (all excluding Morocco due to conflicts with the Sahara Arab Democratic Republic, another member of the AU) was an organisation officially launched by Thabo Mbeki in 2002. The idea stemmed from the original Union of African States project, an alliance of three African countries (Ghana, Guinea and Mali) founded by Kwame Nkrumah, in the 1960s (McKown, 1973). He planned to start the Pan-Africanism movement, and founded the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). However, the organisation as critics said did not do much in the favour of actual African citizens, but rather benefited the leaders of the countries more. The organisation was a gathering of all leaders across the continent to discuss and try to solve Africas issues, ironic since most of Africas problems were caused by dictator-like leaders. (African Union, 2012). Critics described it as a Dictators club. In 2002, as the last chairman of the organisa tion, Thabo Mbeki disbanded the OAU and established the new African Union. (African Union, 2012) Around 2006, new talk started concerning overthrowing the African Union, and replacing it with a single African government for the new United States of Africa. An AU Summit hosted in Accra, Ghana in 2007 was organised for various African leaders to come together and discuss forming a union that would help Africa flourish in this world of increasing globalisation (Soares, 2007). The government would control a 2-million man army, have stronger, combined forces in the fight against AIDS, and be represented as one voice when it came to intercontinental matters. The movement was lead for many years by the very eager Maummar Gaddafi. Some African leaders were all for the idea, some were against it, believing his motives to be questionable. Those opposed felt that more of Africas countries need to be strengthened within themselves, both economically and politically before this could become a reality. Before you put a roof on a house, you need to build the foundation, Thabo Mbeki expressed on the matter (Soares, 2007). At the 2007 AU Summit in Accra Ghana, Ugandas Yoweri Museveni expressed that he believed it would do more harm than good, and would create tension rather than cohesionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ross, 2007). He further explained how he believed that some groups would force their identities upon others, whereas not everyone will be willing to give up their identity. He suggested that we first focus on uniting similar nations before we try and unite everyone all at once, especially considering the traditional differences such as languages and culture. He even mentioned other aspects that we should rather focus on as a continent, such as the environment, trade negotiations and managing a defence pact etc. (Ross, 2007) Baby steps is the general idea. Many people consider the goal to achieve this United States of Africa by 2015 as too hurried, and not thoroughly thought out. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nigerias previous finance minister, makes reference to the EU on her opinion on the matter, describing how it took them long to form a Union; some nations like Bulgaria and Romania were not easily accepted due to their gang problems and disorder. She highlights goals that we should focus on such as political and economical stability and regional infrastructure. (Soares, 2007) Advocates of Pan-Africanism Kwame Nkrumah, the chief founder of the idea of a united Africa, was Ghanas first president after they gained independence. As president of the first country to have gained independence, Kwame Nkrumah immediately launched and started promoting his idea of one African country (McKown, 1973). His vision of this included the Northern Arabic African countries, since he was well acquainted with their leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. At that time they were seen as more of an excluded part of Africa, and this was the first step to bridging the gap (Nkrumah, 2007). Much scepticism was held against Nkrumah, since he was able to build a big palace, with a 2  200-seater hall, for the Annual OAU summit to be held, all in his quest to supposedly find ways to provide for poor Africa (Soares, 2007). Maummar Gaddafi was another huge advocate of the united Africa idea. When Thabo Mbeki started the AU, Gaddafi publically branded the organisation as a failure and swore to keep pushing the idea of a United States of Africa. He simply saw no future for singular African nations (Gaddafi urges pan-African state , 2007). As a man with a strong personality and strong opinions, Gaddafi had his fair amount of enemies; people against him and the idea of a pan-African State. After his death, members of the AU commented that everything was better without the pressure that Gaddafi placed on many leaders to be pro- Pan-African movement (AU better without intimidating Gaddafi Zuma, 2011). Gaddafis urgency put a lot of strain in the matter even when so many people were sceptic about it, making his motives highly questionable. Having been in power for 42 years in Libya, many imagined that he saw himself as the president of this new country, in order to claim authority and power. Civil wars and conflict between Africans For the longest time Africa, the second largest continent in the world, consisting of 54 countries and home to about 1 billion people with almost 2000 languages (Africa, 2012) has been a relatively troubled continent. Originally consisting of different tribes and a few kingdoms even, it was seen as very primitive, especially since it hadnt yet been explored. However, as soon as it was, colonialists from other continents began taking over Africa, territory by territory. Colonialists were mostly the Arabs from the Middle East and Europeans. Years and even centuries passed before Ghana gained independence as the first country to do so. The rest of the countries soon followed, however it was from this point that a lot of Africas problems started to develop. The book Africa: Postcolonial Conflict summarises and pin points a general source to Africas problems after the colonial period. All across Africa, the main goal was the same: to successfully take back Africa and to make it thrive under the African rule. They aimed to take full advantages of the abundant resources across the continent, and use the money made to create businesses, and improve education, health care, housing and economic communications. (Downing, 2003). They aimed to spread out the wealth, using the richer countries wealth to support the poorer ones. All these aims are still the goals of the AU, and part of the USA II project (Downing, 2003). In truth, many new leaders of many of the newly independent nations of Africa had been educated outside of Africa, like Nkrumah and Liberias Charles Taylor, raised with a different lifestyle to the common people of the country, causing a divide and possible barrier of understanding between the leaders and the people (Downing, 2003). The fight for independence in the countries had been so unanimous, that the new governments did not have any opposing parties wanting power in the country. This meant that even with systems of democracy, the people did not have a choice in the leadership of the country. It also meant that the single-ruling parties began dictator-like behaviours that corrupted the countries (Downing, 2003). Under colonial rule, different ethnic groups were generally separated by European boundaries and during postcolonial times, the tension between these groups grew. The single-ruling parties of the countries usually came from one tribe, which created even more tension and bitterness, and during times of famine and financial difficulties, the tribes would point a finger of blame on each other (Downing, 2003) . War between different groups, mainly Muslims and non-Muslims, based on religious differences broke out in countries such as Sudan, Nigeria and Chad (Downing, 2003). During Colonisation, the British ruled Sudan in two parts; the Arab Muslims who lived in the North, and the black, mostly Christians who lived in the South. When they gained independence, military Muslim leaders took over, enforcing Muslim laws upon the entire country, igniting a 28-year civil war with the Southerners who formed an armed resistance. The civil war completely destroyed the country, and only came to an end in 2002 (Downing, 2003). Some African countries like Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti were caught in the middle of the Cold War. The USA and the Soviet Union supported different 3rd world neighbouring African countries, providing them with economical and with military support and eventually set the countries up against each other. This lead to civil wars that severely impacting their economies, leaving them in ruin. Poverty and famines that spread over this area during this time also had a huge impact of the people (Downing, 2003). In Liberia, when the government tried to raise the price of rice, riots and protests began, and eventually a group of soldiers the Krahns, led by Master-Sergeant Samuel Doe overthrew the ruling government. They promised the people democracy and justice, but instead used violence and corruption to rule the country, and the people of the country got poorer. Soon other armies sprung up in objection, and the country went into civil war with up to 6 different tribes fighting each other, not necessarily for power, but more out of ethnic hatred. Western Africa got involved to restore the peace and Liberia had elections in 1997. Charles Taylor won these elections, but in 1999 uprisings began again, and the country sunk back into an ungovernable, unstable war zone (Downing, 2003). The double genocide of two the ethnic groups, the Tutsis and Hutus of Rwanda is probably one of the most renowned African civil wars. With a 90% population of Hutus, the Tutsis were favoured by the colonial government and this stirred hostility. When independence was gained, the Hutus took charge, leading to a number of Tutsis that fled the country. The assassination of the Hutu leader made his protective squads (Interahamwe) fight back and they began killing the suspects of the murder, i.e. the Tutsis. The Hutus were made to believe that these attacks were performed by the Tutsis, and orders went out for all Hutus to defend themselves and kill all Tutsis that were still in Rwanda. The original exiled Tutsis came back to invade Uganda for revenge but eventually, a government that contained both Tutsis and Hutus came to be, and some sort of peace was restored to the country, with a safety zone refugee camps created by the French in Zaire (DRC) for the exiled Hutus to return to (Downin g, 2003). These are all mere examples of only a few conflicts in Africa over the years, and even today, problems of power-possession, oppression, racism, and dictatorships sweep the continent. Not to mention other factors that have a serious impact on Africans such as poverty, hunger and AIDS. Africa does not seem to be in a position to be able to unite just yet, as there is so much more potential for more civil wars. Despite all of this, we must not lose sight of the benefits of a USA II, one being that problems are always better resolved with combined forces. The main factor that would allow this idea to be successful is how the people of Africa would feel about it, and their sense of unity. Methodology To carry out this project, I decided to use both quantitative and qualitative research. Secondary Research: For my literature review, I did some secondary qualitative research using the internet, books, articles and other resources in order to research previous information and matters pertaining to the focus question, specifically the history of Africa and the idea of Pan-Africanism. Primary Research: To further my research, I formulated a questionnaire of 4 questions that are relevant to the topic; questions that will investigate what people would think of a United States of Africa. The questionnaire contains multiple choice questions with space for extra comments, if anyone wished to express an opinion. This would ensure that I had both quantitative and qualitative data. The questionnaire was used to interview people both from Africa and a few from other continents. I compiled a list of 30 potential participants of the ages 16 and older. The participants were from Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, DRC, Ghana, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Zambia and Zimbabwe. (It was initially planned to include participants form other continents, but it was decided against, and so question number 5 on the questionnaire was cancelled.) Once I had completed the list, I went about to hand out the questionnaires to the participants. Due to my demand for very specific participants from various countries, some questionnaires were completed over social networks. After all the questionnaires had been completed, I assessed the multiple choice questions and generated bar graphs from them to illustrate the trend of the answers. I separated South African answers from other African countries answers so that I could examine whether the trends were affected by different cultural environments. I used the added comments that some participants gave on their questionnaires to write up a summary of their general view of Pan-Africanism. I also used the visible trends from my graphs to support the information. I then linked the information from the questionnaires to the information that I researched in my literature review. Finally, I drew up a conclusion based on my literature review, results and summary. I linked all my information to whether or not Africa would be able to form a single country, from the perception of my African participants. Possible Questionnaire Age: _____________________________________ Nationality: _______________________________ Citizenship: _______________________________ Gender: __________________________________ How would you describe the state of Africa with regards to political stability and issues of Xenophobia? You may motivate your answer. à ¢- ¡ Good à ¢- ¡ Reasonable à ¢- ¡Bad à ¢- ¡Horrible _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you think Africa would be able to form a United States of Africa at this point in time, considering the political, economic and racial issues that we face in the different parts of the continent? You may motivate your answer. à ¢- ¡ Yes à ¢- ¡No _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you think it would benefit Africa, or do more harm than good? You may motivate your answer. à ¢- ¡It would benefit Africa à ¢- ¡It would not benefit Africa _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you think of yourself as equal to and similar to any other African from another African country? You may motivate your answer. à ¢- ¡We are all equal à ¢- ¡We are not equal à ¢- ¡I dont look down on them, but there is a difference _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hereby give Cordelle Annor permission to use these answers in her IEB Life Orientation Research Project. Signed: _______________ Processed Findings Tables and Graphs of Results Question 1: Majority of the participants feel that the state of Africa is bad with regards to its political state and problems of Xenophobia. Questionnaires 7 and 9 state that foreigners are still referred to in derogatory terms and that Africans dont yet see each other as fellow Africans. Participant number 24 says that Africa is very far from getting a good state of stability right, whereas, the one participant (12) who actually referred to the state of Africa as good, justified it by saying that, Overall, the continent is stable, in spite of some pockets of instability. Xenophobia is a world-wide phenomenon and not limited to Africa. This is a valid point, but most of the participants dont seem to view Africa in this way, which possibly means that most Africans would feel that the continent is not stable enough to join to form a country. All the examples in my literature review of conflicts and wars between Africans, supports what most of the participants believe. Most wars and conflicts, like in Rwanda and Libya for example, have only recently kind of sorted out their conflicts, and yet, there is still a lot of conflict in those countries, as in many countries all over the continent. Even in a country that is relatively politically stable, there are still huge problems of xenophobia, like in South Africa for example. Both my literature and the questionnaire results clearly show that Africa is not very stable. Question 2: When asked if Africa would be able to form a United States of Africa, most participants felt that it wouldnt be ready for such. Some said that there was just too much diversity between the African countries, and that countries that are less stable would bring the well-being of other countries down. The well-off countries would not want to combine with the less stable countries being aware of the problems that they are facing. Questionnaire 20 even states that it might be unfair to join the countries. Some of the participants blamed the leaders of the African countries, saying that they are too selfish, and that there is too much dictatorship in Africa. Africa would not be able to unite unless there was a deep sense of kinship, belonging and unity, questionnaire 8 declares. However, one participant (3) thinks that Africa would be able to form a country, since most of the political issues are triggered by external factors such as the colonialists. The information in my literature review reflected opinions much like the general response to this question. Most of the African leaders that were at the AU summit in Ghana in 2007 were opposed to the idea because they felt that most countries had to strengthen themselves before Africa could possibly unite (Soares, 2007). Yoweri Museveni from Uganda believed that some African groups would force their identity on others, and not everyone would want to give up their identity (Ross, 2007). Question 3: Despite the obviously negative response to the possibility of forming a USAII at this point in time, a lot more participants believed that it would eventually be a good thing for Africa. Those for it believe that uniting will be good for tackling the problems that the various countries face. Participant 16 believes that if unity works positively in smaller communities then it should work for a continent. However, those against it believe that there are simply too many differences between the countries, politically, economically, and socially. Becoming united might lead to a continental war, as well as distract Africa from the serious issues at hand as everyone, including leaders will focus on petty things such as who will lead the country. In the literature review, I found that a few people thought that the way to approach this topic was with baby steps, and that Africa needs to focus on individual countries and smaller countries before it attempts such a big project. Thabo Mbeki motivated this opinion by saying that we need to build the foundation before we try to put a roof on a house (Soares, 2007). Museveni believes that it would do more harm than good; just as most of the participants expressed as well, and he motivated this by saying it would cause tension rather that cohesion. Question 4: Through all of this, most of the participants still felt that all Africans are equal; that there is no one nation that is better than the other, as we are all Africans at the end of the day. There were very few participants that opposed this opinion, and a lot of them felt that while there is no one better than the other, there are very distinct differences between the different religions and cultural differences. One participant (15), although she ticked that she believes that all Africans are equal, she stated that other Africans possibly still dislike one another, and do not believe that they do not believe that we are all equal. Some participants pointed out that due to the vast differences between economical classes, some Africans being rich and educated, others not, one cannot exactly say that we are equal because of this difference (Questionnaire 25). This response shows that even though majority of the participants dont believe that Africa should unite, they dont feel and particular hatred of dislike for other Africans. Although this sample cannot represent the feelings of the rest of Africa, as other Africans in different parts of Africa, or even different parts of the country may have stronger feelings on this matter. However, it shows that there has been some sort of improvement in the attitude of Africa, in that civil wars are less likely if Africans believe that they are equal. That was the problem in the conflicts and wars mentioned in the literature review; the different cultural groups believed that there was a difference between them and others, and that they were more superior to the other cultural groups. Female 15 Male 15 South African 15 Other Countries 15 Ages younger than 20 15 Ages older than 20 15 Who the participants were: Fortunately, I was able to get a good balance in the different kinds of people that I questioned, and to truly evaluate my results, I feel its best to compare South African opinions to opinions of people from other countries. Although all of my participants are currently staying in South Africa, and therefore are all influenced by the South African society in a way, this comparison will analyse whether there is more of a trend in the answers of people who come from and have lived in other parts of Africa as opposed participants who most likely only know South Africa, as it is their home. The State of Africa In describing the state of Africa, majority of the South Africans and other African nations feel that the state of Africa is bad. Wherein the foreigners show a more diverse trend in answers, having had two participants describe the state of Africa as the two extremes, Good and Horrible, the South Africans stuck mostly to the Reasonable and Bad options, and two South African participants that said it was Horrible. Would Africa be able to form a United States? Once Again, majority of South Africans and the people from other African nations feel that Africa would not be able to form a United States of Africa at this moment, but absolutely no South Africans believed that it was possible, whereas some Africans from other nations believe that it might be possible. Would it benefit Africa to form a United States of Africa? A very clear majority of South Africans believe that forming a united country would not benefit Africa, and they were a bit more negative about this question, whereas the foreigners showed a trend of going both ways. More of the foreigners are optimistic about a single African country. Are Africans equal? An equal amount of South Africans and foreigners believe that all Africans are equal and there is no one Nation better that the other, however there are 2 foreigners that believe that we are not equal, and only one South African. Quite a number of both groups believe that we are equal but there is a difference between each country, and although not the majority, both are very close to the majority. The results for each question for both categories of Africans are relatively similar, but this may be because, as mentioned before, all the participants have some sort of South African society influence. In some questions, however, South Africans seem to have answered more negatively, for example, in describing the state of Africa, as well as in question 2, in which the participants were asked if Africa could form one country now and no South Africans thought that we could. A reason for this may be that since South Africa is a country that is considered to be one of the richer, more developed countries of Africa, it would get affected by a union, as some of the participants mentioned, joining countries would make the poorer, worse off countries being down the developed countries as money would be more distributed etc. This information confirms the facts in the literature review; that the joining of African countries is in fact influenced by different cultural environments. The South African participants are like South African leaders like Mbeki and Zuma, who were also opposed to the idea of a single African country. Evidence of completing questionnaires online C:UsersCorbbieDownloadsScreen_20120608_010747.jpg C:UsersCorbbieDownloadsScreen_20120608_01098.jpgC:UsersCorbbieDownloadsScreen_20120608_011129.jpgC:UsersCorbbieDownloadsScreen_20120608_010813.jpgC:UsersCorbbieDownloadsScreen_20120608_010725.jpgC:UsersCorbbieDownloadsScreen_20120608_010842.jpg Conclusion After doing the research that I presented in the Literature Review, I saw that Africa seemed very unstable, what with its history being full of so many wars and conflicts. The information on the African Union illustrated how not even the leaders of the African countries are unanimous on the decision to form a single country. From the literature review, you can understand that potentially could be a need for uniting the continent, so help each other deal with issues that we are faced with. It could benefit a lot of countries, and the continent as a whole, but the literature review also provided clear evidence that countries are not stable enough, and there is too much corruption going on for this plan to be successful. The questionnaire results showed that the participants are quite negative about the idea; they do not feel that Africa can or should form a United States of Africa. They feel that the continent is unstable and too corrupted, and that there are far too many reasons that would get in the way of successfully, and peacefully uniting. Not only that, but that it would cause more problems than it would solve, and actually turn out to be harmful to the state of Africans. Their response was much like the African leaders: they were not unanimous. If we do consider this sample to be a true representative of the continent, then Africans do not feel united within themselves, whether they are South African or from another country. South Africans tend to have a more negative response, but the general trend of both groups is opposed to the idea. So while there is a movement overseas to support the idea that every individual of the human race is tied together by our African origin, being African does not necessarily mean unison. There will forever be cultural, political and a variety of difference that separate each different groups of human beings. However, as mentioned before, the results of this project can be greatly refined. 30 participants is a very small sample for dealing with such a huge topic that deals with the whole of Africa, and if this research topic could be carried out on a more professional level, many more participants should be included. The sample could expand to involve Africans who have only ever known their own countries. It should include Africans of different economic classes, as the questionnaires also suggested that this is another barrier that makes people unequal. There are a lot of different categories that need to be included, and interviews with profes

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Rates of Reaction - The concentration of hydrochloric acid and the rate of reaction with sodium theosulphate :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rate of Reaction After doing my pilot run, i think that my method and apparatus used should be mostly the same: Apparatus - 1 conical flask - 1 lamenated 'x' - 3 test tubes - 1 thermometer - 1 stop watch - 3 pipettes Method: 1. Measure 10ml of 0.2mol/dm3 or 0.2moldm-3 sodium thiosulphate 2. Pour it into the conical flask 3. Add 40ml of distilled water for dillution. 4. Then add 5cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid of concentration 2mol/dm3 at room temperature 5. Record the temperature of the mixture. Stir mixture gently. 6. Stir mixture gently 7. Start time when all is stirred and when the conical flask is over the 'X' paper. 8. Once the cross is completely out of sight due to the reactionof the sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid and then record the time. 9. I willl then repeat this with different measurements of sodium thiosulphate and water. Changes I have made and why - I am not going to be using a burette because after finishing my pilot run, i realised that i was gradually getting more and more behind schedule and I wouldn;t have enough time to complete my obtaining evidence if I were to carry on using it. Fair test To make sure it was a fair test. i had to constantly keep cleaning and washing the equipmentas any remaining substances can cause major differences in the results. And we had to try ansd hope that the room temperature will remain constant during the course of my experiment. Also we always have to keep the volume of concentrstion the same - 55ml. number and range of experiments - If I have enough time, I would like to try around nine different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate with water. I am going to try hte following volumes of sodium thiosulphate: 10ml, 15ml, 20ml, 25ml, 30ml,35ml, 40ml,45ml and 50ml. - I have chosen a range of 40ml as I think this is enough to truly experience the various actions of sodium thiosulphate reacting with hydrochloric acid. - If any of my results seem somewhat innaccurate or faulty, I will try my best to redo them. Safety - Make sure to tie hair back. - Wear a lab coat. - Wear safety glasses or goggles. - Wash hand in between each experimewnt and after anmd before eating. - Open windows so the smell isn't too overwhelming Dillutions To make my experiment a fair test, we must always have the same volume of solutions, 55ml. Rates of Reaction - The concentration of hydrochloric acid and the rate of reaction with sodium theosulphate :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation Rate of Reaction After doing my pilot run, i think that my method and apparatus used should be mostly the same: Apparatus - 1 conical flask - 1 lamenated 'x' - 3 test tubes - 1 thermometer - 1 stop watch - 3 pipettes Method: 1. Measure 10ml of 0.2mol/dm3 or 0.2moldm-3 sodium thiosulphate 2. Pour it into the conical flask 3. Add 40ml of distilled water for dillution. 4. Then add 5cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid of concentration 2mol/dm3 at room temperature 5. Record the temperature of the mixture. Stir mixture gently. 6. Stir mixture gently 7. Start time when all is stirred and when the conical flask is over the 'X' paper. 8. Once the cross is completely out of sight due to the reactionof the sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid and then record the time. 9. I willl then repeat this with different measurements of sodium thiosulphate and water. Changes I have made and why - I am not going to be using a burette because after finishing my pilot run, i realised that i was gradually getting more and more behind schedule and I wouldn;t have enough time to complete my obtaining evidence if I were to carry on using it. Fair test To make sure it was a fair test. i had to constantly keep cleaning and washing the equipmentas any remaining substances can cause major differences in the results. And we had to try ansd hope that the room temperature will remain constant during the course of my experiment. Also we always have to keep the volume of concentrstion the same - 55ml. number and range of experiments - If I have enough time, I would like to try around nine different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate with water. I am going to try hte following volumes of sodium thiosulphate: 10ml, 15ml, 20ml, 25ml, 30ml,35ml, 40ml,45ml and 50ml. - I have chosen a range of 40ml as I think this is enough to truly experience the various actions of sodium thiosulphate reacting with hydrochloric acid. - If any of my results seem somewhat innaccurate or faulty, I will try my best to redo them. Safety - Make sure to tie hair back. - Wear a lab coat. - Wear safety glasses or goggles. - Wash hand in between each experimewnt and after anmd before eating. - Open windows so the smell isn't too overwhelming Dillutions To make my experiment a fair test, we must always have the same volume of solutions, 55ml.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Morality of Drug Use

  In his book entitled â€Å"Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues,† Vincent Ryan Ruggiero formulated a criteria consisting of three elements, which criteria relates to respect for persons as a theoretical construct and a practical ethical standard for everyday decision making (Ruggiero, 78). These three criteria are obligations, moral ideals and consequences, which are all applicable to the determination of proper conduct in relation to drug use (Ruggiero, 79).Moral Ideals.Ruggiero explained his concept of moral ideals as distinct from obligations. For him, ideals are goals that characterize excellence, which goals are aimed at by different individuals (Ruggiero, 78). In particular, and in relation to respect for persons, he discussed that moral ideals assist a person in achieving respect for persons (Ruggiero, 80).He also explicated that moral ideals could be composed of various categories, such as the â€Å"cardinal virtues† of old and the theological virtues of religious thinkers. He likewise posited that moral ideals could vary from person to person, or from culture to culture (Ruggiero, 81). This is an important proposition, because the differences in moral ideals determine the differences in treatment given by each person on varying actions. Thus, one person could regard a moral ideal as more than just that, for example as an obligation that requires compliance.Applying this concept to the ethical issue of drug use, it would be concluded that the perspective could be viewed from a number of different perspectives, which also have varying moral ideals. This means that drug use could be viewed positively or negatively by different cultures or population, depending on their respective moral ideals.For example, a population of medical practitioners such as doctors would hold on to the ideal that drug use is necessary in certain cases, such as in situations of a disease or illness that could only be cured by the administration of particular drugs. On the other hand, a population consisting of the religious whose faith dictates the avoidance of drugs would hold on to the exact opposite moral ideal. Thus, an ethical decision hinges on the moral ideals to which the population concerned adhere, because such moral ideals determine the kind of ethical decision that would probably be made in any given situation.Obligations.Ruggiero also discussed the notion of obligations as a criterion for determining respect for persons. His concept of obligations refers to the element of compulsion into doing a certain act, as determined by the situation involved or the relationship between or among parties (Ruggiero, 80). He likewise explained that different kinds of situations and interpersonal relations dictate the kind of obligations that are imposed on a person.Viewing drug use in the light of Ruggiero’s concept of obligations, drug use could be ethically justified by formulating a situation such that the administration or pre scription of medicinal drugs and the corresponding use is seen as an obligation on the part of the doctor and the patient to maintain the latter’s good health and long life.Consequences.Finally, Ruggiero discussed the concept of consequences, which refer to the effects of an action on a person (Ruggiero, 81).   He states that the effects could be classified into beneficial or harmful effects, or grouped according to kind, such as whether they are physical or emotional (Ruggiero, 81).The most important aspect of Ruggiero’s discussion of the topic is his position that the benefit or harm caused by a specific act is determined by the impact of such an act on all persons involved, including the actor (Ruggiero, 81).This criterion is relevant in the issue of drug use, because ultimately, any ethical decision on this matter hinges on its effects on the user. Therefore, drug use could be ethically justified if it is shown that there are health benefits that could favor the user or his community. On the other hand, proof that drug use only leads to individual or collective harm would tilt the favor against drug use.In sum, Ruggiero’s three criteria are relevant in any discussion of the morality of drug use. These criteria provide practical knowledge with regard to the things that one should be looking at, prior to making an ethical decision.Works CitedRuggiero, Vincent Ryan. Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues. 6th ed.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Sms Based Student Information System Essay Example

Sms Based Student Information System Essay Example Sms Based Student Information System Essay Sms Based Student Information System Essay The core objective of â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM â€Å" is to develop an application to maintain student profile which provides a interface for the staff to communicate with parent regarding student attendance, unit test marks and also about extra-curricular and co-curricular activities which are organized by the college, in the form of regular updates via SMS. This project has only one user called Class Advisor. He has all rights to enter and edit the name, register number of the students and so on. By using this project we can reduce the manual work of the Class Advisor. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1. 1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION: K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Tiruchengode, was started in the year 1995 by the K. S. R Educational and Charitable Trust. Lion. Dr. K. S. Rangasamy MJF, is the President of the Trust and the founding father of KSRCAS. Affiliation was granted to the college in 1995 by the University of Madras. Now the college is affiliated to the Periyar University, Salem. The College has been recognized by the UGC u/s 2(f). The College has been awarded the prestigious ISO 9001-2000(E) certification by RMTUV. The University Grants Commission, New Delhi has conferred Autonomous status from the Academic year 2009-2010. The project â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM† is a tool which is specially constructed for Department of Computer Science to maintain the full-fledged student profile and to communicate with parents through the communication source called â€Å"SMS†. 1. 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The core objective of â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM â€Å" is to develop an application to maintain student profile which provides a interface for the staff to communicate with parent regarding student attendance, unit test marks and also about extra-curricular and co-curricular activities which are organized by the college, in the form of regular updates via SMS. This project is used individual Class Advisors. He has all rights to enter and edit the name, register number of the students and so on. By using this project we can reduce the manual work of the Class Advisor. The project â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM â€Å"is designed for class advisor to maintain the student profile with the attendance and marks which can be intimated regularly to the parents through SMS. To build this project we have utilized the Microsoft Visual Studio. Net 2005 as front end, which works in . Net framework version 3. 5. The coding language used is Visual Basic . Net. The back end used is Microsoft Access 2007. * STUDENT PROFILE * ATTENDENCE MAINTENANCE * MARK MAINTENANCE * EMERGENCY SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2. 1 EXISTING SYSTEM The existing system presently follows a tedious job maintaining the information. These are some of the exiting system’s scenarios * Existing system followed paper work for individual module. * Existing system uses manual composition of details. * Student profile is maintained as a separate source of information * Existing system performed transaction through Postal letters and through voice call. * Act of transaction found to be delivered without confirmation. By this existing system follow up leads to a great loss of human work and remains a time consuming one. . 1. 1 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM The existing system has following disadvantages, * Followed Paper work * Interaction cost was not efficient * No ensured report is present regarding successful transaction * Lacuna in automation * Required huge resource for maintenance * Consumption of time in high rate and report generation was slow The existing system lacks in the accurate report generation quality where it needs a enhancement of using the application over the virtue of trimming the communication gap between the parents and the staff. The existing system undergoes a huge usage of human work and the time consumption factor also remains a head-ache. To overcome this situation we a have proposed a system which will bring a beneficial environment comparing to the existing system. 2. 2 PROPOSED SYSTEM: The system we have proposed has a communication link over sending the information to the parents through SMS and also maintaining the student profile, mark management system and also the attendance of the students with the felicity of sending the message subsequently. The proposed system reduces the paper work and customizes the four different modules under a single roof of application. * Application automates the attendance maintenance and unit test marks maintenance and circular reports to parent. * Proposed system improves efficiency and presents effective reports. * Ensured transaction using SMS (Short Message Service). 2. 2. 1 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system has following advantages, * Mark and Att endance records can be consolidated quickly. * Detailed reports can be taken immediately with less input. Absentee reports for each exam can be taken in time. * Helps to prepare continuous assessment report easily. * Parents are informed with attendance and mark details through SMS. * Provisions provided for updating the student profile such as mobile ph. , address†¦ Proposed system follows the work of bringing all the classified information of the student under a single roof of the application. we have included the attendance and the mark analysis as a part of project were enable class advisor to generate automatic subject codes and the subject name as they require in the mark entry part. The mark analysis to intimate the parents about regular exams those are conducted in regular intervals. The proposed system equips all the possibilities that a class advisor expects to a cardinal relationship with parents. 2. 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS 2. 3. 1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Processor: Pentium IV 1. 7 GHz Hard Disk Capacity: 80 GB RAM: 1 GB SD Monitor: 15’’ Color Keyboard: 102 keys Mouse: 3 buttons 2. 3. 2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION Front-End : Microsoft Visual Studio 2008. Back-End: MS ACCESS 2007. Operating System: Windows XP SP2 Mobile phone : any mobile having the USB connectivity option 2. 3. 3 ABOUT SOFTWARE 2. 3. 1 THE . NET FRAMEWORK The . NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. 2. 3. 2 Objectives of . NET FRAMEWORK 1. To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object codes is stored and executed locally on Internet-distributed, or executed remotely. 2. To provide a code-execution environment to minimizes software deployment and guarantees safe execution of code. . Eliminates the performance problems. There are different types of application, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications. To make communication on distributed environment to ensure that code be accessed by the . NET Framework can integrate with any other code. 2. 3. 3 COMPONENTS OF . NET FRAMEWORK THE COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME (CLR) The common language runtime is the foundation of the . NET Framework. It manages code at execution time, providing important services such as memory management, thread management, remoting and also ensures more security and robustness. The concept of code management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known as managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as unmanaged code. THE . NET FRAME WORK CLASS LIBRARY It is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types used to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP. NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services. The . NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed code, thereby creating a software environment that can exploit both managed and unmanaged features. The . NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also supports the development of third-party runtime hosts. VISUAL STUDIO  . NET Visual Studio  . NET is a complete set of development tools for building ASP Web applications, XML Web services, desktop applications, and mobile applications. In addition to building high-performing desktop applications, you can use Visual Studios Powerful component-based development tools and other technologies to simplify team-based design, development, and deployment of Enterprise solutions. VISUAL BASIC . NET Visual Basic. NET is also compliant with CLS (Common Language Specification) and supports structured exception handling. CLS is set of rules and constructs that are supported by the CLR (Common Language Runtime). CLR is the runtime environment provided by the . NET Framework; it manages the execution of the code and also makes the development process easier by providing services. IMPLEMENTATION INHERITANCE Visual Basic. NET supports implementation inheritance. This means that, while creating applications in Visual Basic. NET, we can drive from another class, which is known as the base class that derived class inherits all the methods and properties of the base class. In the derived class, we can either use the existing code of the base class or override the existing code. Therefore, with help of the implementation inheritance, code can be reused. CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS Constructors are used to initialize objects, whereas destructors are used to destroy them. In other words, destructors are used to release the resources allocated to the object. In Visual Basic. NET the sub finalize procedure is available. GARBAGE COLLECTION Garbage Collection is another new feature in Visual Basic. NET. The . NET Framework monitors allocated resources, such as objects and variables. In addition, the . NET Framework automatically releases memory for reuse by destroying objects that are no longer in use. OVERLOADING Overloading is another feature in Visual Basic. NET. Overloading enables us to define multiple procedures with the same name, where each procedure has a different set of arguments. Besides using overloading for procedures, we can use it for constructors and properties in a class. STRUCTURED EXCEPTION HANDLING Visual Basic. NET supports structured handling, which enables us to detect and remove errors at runtime. In Visual Basic. NET, we need to use Try†¦Catch†¦Finally statements to create exception handlers. Using Try†¦Catch†¦Finally statements, we can create robust and effective exception handlers to improve the performance of our application. Features of Ms – access 2007 Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports, and connect them together with  macros. Advanced users can use  VBA  to write rich solutions with advanced  data manipulation  and user control. Access also has report creation features that can work with any data source that Access can access. The original concept of Access was for end users to be able to access data from any source. Other features include: the import and export of data to many formats including  Excel,  Outlook, ASCII,  dBase,  Paradox,  FoxPro,  SQL Server,  Oracle,  ODBC, etc. It also has the ability to link to data in its existing location and use it for viewing, querying, editing, and reporting. This allows the existing data to change while ensuring that Access uses the latest data. It can perform  heterogeneous  joins  between data sets stored across different platforms. Access is often used by people downloading data from  enterprise level databases  for manipulation, analysis, and reporting locally. There is also the  Jet  Database format (MDB or ACCDB in Access 2007) which can contain the application and data in one file. This makes it very convenient to distribute the entire application to another user, who can run it in disconnected environments. One of the benefits of Access from a programmers perspective is its relative compatibility with  SQL  (structured  query language) - queries can be viewed  graphically  or edited as SQL statements, and SQL statements can be used directly in Macros and VBA  Modules  to manipulate Access tables. Users can mix and use both VBA and Macros for programming forms and logic and offers object  possibilities. VBA can also be included in queries. Microsoft Access offers  parameterized queries. These queries and Access tables can be referenced from other programs like  VB6  and  . NET  through  DAO  or  ADO. From Microsoft Access, VBA can reference parameterized stored procedures via ADO. The  desktop  editions of  Microsoft SQL Server  can be used with Access as an alternative to the  Jet Database Engine. This support started with  MSDE  (Microsoft SQL Server Desktop Engine), a scaled down version of Microsoft SQL Server 2000, and continues with the  SQL Server Express  versions of SQL Server 2005 and 2008. Microsoft Access is a  file server-based database. Unlike  client–server  relational database management systems  (RDBMS), Microsoft Access does not implement  database triggers,  stored procedures, or  transaction logging. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPEMENT 3. 1 . SYSTEM DESIGN System design is carried out with a eye towards facility and feasibility of system towards class advisor requirements. Here in the system the aspect of improving the physical view of system is also focused. As we have chosen the . net as platform we are able to provide a system which is platform independent and a efficient supportive system. In this project we focused on the automation for a possible extreme were it will increasing the efficiency of the system. In this project we have taken over crystal report concept for the mark analysis phase of the project. System has covered a brief part of the project considering the project domain. The backend part incarnates the ms-access which allows to builds a easily accessible software in the part of backend access. The feasibility aspect allows build up a software partially fulfilling all the requirements of the class advisor. The system is designed considering the class advisor view and requirement those are specified in the requirement phase. The complete integrated system focusing on the overall build of the system with a result of efficient build and ensured stream of the activity. The system dealing the system analytical behavior and functional aspects referring the quality factor is also considered. Thus the urge of building the system to improve the efficiency of the software is justified to extent. 3. 1 SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM 4. 2 SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM Total Hours Attendance Unit test I Unit Test II Model Department Class Name Reg. Number Date Reg. Number Mobile Number Address Class Department Student Name Emergency Mark maintenance Student Profile Attendance maintenance SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM SMS SMS SMS 2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 3. MODULE DESCRIPTION: The project â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM â€Å"is designed for class advisor to maintain the student profile with the attendance and marks which can be intimated regularly to the parents through SMS. To build this project we have utilized the Microsoft Visual Studio. Net 2005 as front end, which works in . Net framework version 3. 5. The coding language used is Visual Basic . Net. The back end used is Microsoft Access 2007. The following are the main modules in the project. * STUDENT PROFILE * ATTENDENCE MAINTENANCE * MARK MAINTENANCE EMERGENCY STUDENT PROFILE: Student profile is our master page were fetch the basic information of a student like batch no, regno, department, mobile number, name, address . This student profile module remains a source of access in various forms where it can be used to easy retrieval of information. The information those are fetched in the student profile are saved accordingly in the Student master table. EMERGENCY: The emergency module holds the task of sending the urgent MS to the parent which can be circular, activities, fee pending information, etc,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Here we generate the student mobile number with respect to the student regno from the master page table. This allows gathering the basic information of the student. In the emergency module we have placed the important field MESSAGE. These two fields have to be filled up and the message field should have the characters less than 160. By following send button the message is sent. ATTENDANCE: We follow the system of maintaining the attendance of student for every hour as the log of attendance can be maintained. Here the hour by hour attendance of the student is sent to the parents through SMS. MARK ANALYSIS The mark analysis module performs the task of maintaining the marks of the student in the accordingly in the database which can be used for future reference and also the marks can be sent to the parents through SMS. We are primarily focusing on the three phases of examination, they are * Unit Test I Entry * Unit Test II Entry * Model Examination Mark Entry Here the Unit test I, Unit test II, model examinations are conducted for every month. As if the results of this examination are not properly sent to the parents. The project SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM allows these results send as SMS to the parents. This module is subjected to generate the subjects which will be varying for every semester. To that note we have designed a form â€Å"subject entry†. In this form class advisor has to update the subject name and subject code according to the respective semesters. By this the automatic generation of the subjects is possible when appropriate semester is selected. Thus the mark maintaining task is carried out successfully. MESSAGE SENDING: Message sending scenario follows the following term, they are as follows; AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of ATtention. Every command line starts with AT or at. Thats why modem commands are called AT commands. There are two types of AT commands: 1. Basic commands are AT commands that do not start with a +. For example, D (Dial), A (Answer), H (Hook control), and O (Return to online data state) are the basic commands. 2. Extended commands are AT commands that start with a +. All GSM AT commands are extended commands. For example, +CMGS (Send SMS message), +CMGL (List SMS messages), and +CMGR (Read SMS messages) are extended commands. Operating Modes The SMS specification has defined two modes in which a GSM/GPRS modem or mobile phone can operate. They are called SMS text mode and SMS PDU mode. (PDU stands for Protocol Data Unit. ) The mode that a GSM/GPRS modem or mobile phone is operating in determines the syntax of some SMS AT commands and the format of the responses returned after execution. 3. 4. INPUT DESIGN: STUDENT PROFILE The student profile input design is subjected to enter the details like department, section, regno, student name, batch, and address, mobile_number. These are the fields are considered as needed to be filled. ATTENDANCE: The attendance of the student is updated. It requires filling up with basic details which will be retrieved from the student profile table. In this form we are just required to check the check boxes to add the attendance of the student. The updated attendance can be sent as SMS to the parent at the same time. In the attendance module we have added a term to allow the class advisor to check the overall student attendance. MARK ANALYSIS: Mark management system allows maintaining the entry of the student marks for very unit and model examination. After entering the mark those can be sent as message to the parents. In the mark entry part we have added the automatic subject generating form which can be fetched in the mark management form. EMERGENCY: Emergency module incorporates the urgent message service were the urgent messages can be sent to parents. Here the regno and mobile_number are loaded when appropriate particulars are filled up properly. 3. 5. OUTPUT DESIGN: STUDENT PROFILE ATTENDANCE: OVERALL ATTENDANCE: MARK ANALYSIS: SUBJECT ENTRY: EMERGENCY: 3. 6. DATABASE DESIGN: The purpose of database design is to identify the major modules in the software and describe its components and interfaces for each major module for the users to understand. Database design is a crucial factor in the performance of a package, both in terms of system timings and in the case with which the system can be maintained or modified. The database has been designed based upon the entity relationship data model. 1. Login Table Table name: login FIELD NAME| TYPE| SIZE| DESCRIPTION| Name| Text| 8| USER NAME| Password| Text| 8| PASSWORD OF USER| 2. Mark Table Table name: marks Primary key: regno FIELD NAME| TYPE| SIZE| DESCRIPTION| Regno| Text| 10| STUDENT REGISTER NUMBER| Semester| Number| 10| PRESENT SEMESTER | Examtype| Text| 16| EXAM TYPE LIKE UNIT I,II AND MODEL EXAM| Mark1| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 1| Mark2| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 2| Mark3| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 3| Mark4| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 4| Mark5| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 5| Mark6| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 6| Mark7| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 7| Mark8| Number| 3| MARKS IN SUBJECT 8| 3. Student Profile Table Table name: Studentmaster Foreign key: batch Primary key: Regno FIELD NAME| TYPE| SIZE| DESCRIPTION| Regno| Text| 10| STUDENT REGISTER NUMBER| Sname| Text| 30| NAME OF THE STUDENT| Batch| Number| 10| BATCH YEAR OF THE STUDENT| Dept| Text| 20| DEPARTMENT IN WHICH THE STUDENT | Sec| Text| 10| CLASS SECTION LIKE A,B,C,D,†¦. | Mobile| Text| 15| MOBILE NUMBER OF PARENT| Address| Text| 30| ADDRESS FOR COMMUNICATION| 4. Urgent Table Table name: urgent Primary key: regno FIELD NAME| TYPE| SIZE| STUDENT REGISTER NUMBER| Regno| Text| 10| STUDENT REGISTER NUMBER| Message| Text| 160| MESSAGE CONTENT| 5. Attendance Table Table name: Department Details Foreign key: Department code FIELD NAME| TYPE| SIZE| DESCRIPTION| DATE| Date/Time| 10| CURRENT DATE| Regno| TEXT| 30| STUDENT REGISTER NUMBER| hour1| Yes/No| | PRESENT-YES amp; ABSENT-NO| Hour2| Yes/No| | PRESENT-YES amp; ABSENT-NO| Hour3| Yes/No| | PRESENT-YES amp; ABSENT-NO| Hour4| Yes/No| | PRESENT-YES amp; ABSENT-NO| Hour5| Yes/No| | PRESENT-YES amp; ABSENT-NO| Hour| Yes/No| | PRESENT-YES amp; ABSENT-NO| 3. 7 REPORT DESIGN: Here we are going to take report for two modules they are: I) ATTENDANCE II) MARK ANALYSIS: ATTENDANCE: For the attendance form we are going to get report in the form data grid. MARK ANALYSIS: The mark statement is taken in the form of crystal report. 3. CODE DESIGN: STUDENT PROFILE: Imports System. Data Imports System. Data. OleDb Public Class frmStudentEntry Dim con As New OleDbConnection(Provider=Microsoft. Jet. OLEDB. 4. 0;Data Source=. ksr. mdb) Dim cmd As New OleDbCommand(, con) Dim cmdStudent As New OleDbCommand(, con) Dim daStudent As New OleDbDataAdapter Dim ds As New DataSet Dim dr As OleDbDataReader Private Sub fr mStudentEntry_Load(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles MyBase. Load End Sub Function CheckInputs() As Boolean Return True End Function Private Sub btnInsert_Click(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles btnInsert. Click If txtRegNo. TextLength = 0 Or txtName. TextLength = 0 Or txtAddress. TextLength = 0 Or txtMobile. TextLength = 0 Or Cmbbatch. SelectedItem = 0 Then MsgBox(enter all the fields) End If If CheckInputs() = True Then cmd. Connection = con cmd. CommandText = insert into studentMaster values(@regNo,@sName,@batch,@dept,@sec,@mobile,@address) cmd. Parameters. Clear() cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@regno, txtRegNo. Text) cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@sName, txtName. Text) cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@batch, Val(Cmbbatch. SelectedItem)) cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@dept, cmbDept. SelectedItem) cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@sec, cmbSection. SelectedItem) cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@mobile, txtMobile. Text) cmd. Parameters. AddWithValue(@address, txtAddress. Text) con. Open() cmd. ExecuteNonQuery() con. Close() End If Try cmdStudent. CommandText = select * from studentMaster where batch= amp; Val(Cmbbatch. Text) amp; and [emailprotected] and [sec][emailprotected] cmdStudent. Parameters. Clear() cmdStudent. Parameters. AddWithValue(@dept, cmbDept. SelectedItem) cmdStudent. Parameters. AddWithValue(@sec, cmbSection. SelectedItem) daStudent = New OleDbDataAdapter(cmdStudent) ds. Tables. Clear() daStudent. Fill(ds, stud) DataGridView1. DataSource = ds. Tables(stud) DataGridView1. Refresh() Catch ex As Exception MsgBox(ex. Message) End Try End Sub ATTENDANCE: Imports System. Data Imports System. Data. OleDb Imports System Imports System. Threading Imports System. ComponentModel Imports System. IO. Ports Public Class Form7 Dim cn As New OleDbConnection(Provider=Microsoft. Jet. OLEDB. 4. 0;Data Source=. ksr. mdb) Dim cmdRegNo As New OleDbCommand(, cn) Dim cmd As OleDbCommand Dim cmdSelect As New OleDbCommand(, cn) Dim daSelect As New OleDbDataAdapter Dim dr As OleDbDataReader Dim ad As OleDbDataAdapter Dim daRegNo As OleDbDataAdapter Dim cmdBatch As New OleDbCommand(select distinct(batch) from studentmaster, cn) Dim daBatch As New OleDbDataAdapter(cmdBatch) Dim ds As New Data. DataSet connect your mobile/GSM modem to PC, then go in device manager and check under ports which COM port has been slected if say com1 is there then put com2 in following statement Dim SMSEngine As New SMSCOMMS(COM17) Dim i As Integer Private Sub DateTimePicker1_ValueChanged(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles DateTimePicker1. ValueChanged TextBox3. Text = DateTimePicker1. Value. Day TextBox4. Text = DateTimePicker1. Value. Month TextBox5. Text = DateTimePicker1. Value. Year End Sub Private Sub GroupBox1_Enter(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles GroupBox1. Enter TextBox3. Text = DateTimePicker1. Value. Day TextBox4. Text = DateTimePicker1. Value. Month TextBox5. Text = DateTimePicker1. Value. Year End Sub Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Me. Close() End Sub Sub gv() Try cmd = New OleDbCommand(select * from attendence, cn) ad = New OleDbDataAdapter(cmd) ad. Fill(ds, attendence) DataGridView1. DataSource = ds. Tables(attendence). DefaultView Catch ex As Exception MsgBox(ex. Message, MsgBoxStyle. Critical, Error) End Try End Sub Private Sub DailyentryToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Me. Show() End Sub MARK ANALYSIS: Imports System. Data Imports System. Data. OleDb Imports System Imports System. Threading Imports System. ComponentModel Imports System. IO. Ports Public Class entrymarks Dim con As New OleDbConnection(Provider=Microsoft. Jet. OLEDB. 4. 0;Data Source=. ksr. mdb) Dim cmd As New OleDbCommand(select regno,sName,Dept,Batch from studentmaster, con) Dim cmdBatch As New OleDbCommand(select distinct(batch) from studentmaster, con) Dim daBatch As New OleDbDataAdapter(cmdBatch) Dim cmdRegNo As New OleDbCommand(, con) Dim daRegNo As New OleDbDataAdapter Dim dr As OleDbDataReader Dim cmdreg As New OleDbCommand(select distinct(regno) from studentmaster, con) Dim da As New OleDbDataAdapter(cmd) Dim ds As New DataSet connect your mobile/GSM modem to PC, then go in device manager and check under ports which COM port has been slected if say com1 is there then put com2 in following statement Dim SMSEngine As New SMSCOMMS2(COM17) Dim i As Integer Private Sub entrymarks_Load(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles MyBase. Load DisableAll() daBatch. Fill(ds, batch) cmbBatch. DataSource = ds. Tables(batch) cmbBatch. Dis playMember = batch cmbBatch. ValueMember = batch cmbDept. SelectedIndex = 0 cmbTestType. SelectedIndex = 0 cmbSection. SelectedIndex = 0 End Sub Private Sub btnLoad_Click(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles btnLoad. Click If cmbBatch. SelectedIndex = -1 Or cmbDept. SelectedIndex = -1 Or cmbSection. SelectedIndex = -1 Then MsgBox(Select the fields, MsgBoxStyle. Critical) Else cmdRegNo. CommandText = select regno, (sname + ( + regno + )) as sn from studentMaster where [emailprotected] and [emailprotected] and [emailprotected] cmdRegNo. Parameters. Clear() cmdRegNo. Parameters. AddWithValue(@btch, cmbBatch. SelectedValue) cmdRegNo. Parameters. AddWithValue(@dept, cmbDept. SelectedItem) cmdRegNo. Parameters. AddWithValue(@sec, cmbSection. SelectedItem) Try s. Tables. Remove(regNo) Catch ex As Exception End Try daRegNo = New OleDbDataAdapter(cmdRegNo) daRegNo. Fill(ds, regNo) cmbRegno. DataSource = ds. Tables(regno) cmbRegno. DisplayMember = sn cmbRegno. ValueMember = regno End If LoadSubjects() End Sub EMERGENCY: Imports System. Data Imports System. Data. OleDb Imports System Imports System. Threading Imports System. ComponentModel Imports System. IO. Ports Public Class F orm12 Dim cn As New OleDbConnection(Provider=Microsoft. Jet. OLEDB. 4. 0;Data Source=. ksr. mdb) Dim cmdRegNo As New OleDbCommand(, cn) Dim cmd As OleDbCommand Dim cmdSelect As New OleDbCommand(, cn) Dim daSelect As New OleDbDataAdapter Dim dr As OleDbDataReader Dim ad As OleDbDataAdapter Dim daRegNo As OleDbDataAdapter Dim cmdBatch As New OleDbCommand(select distinct(batch) from studentmaster, cn) Dim daBatch As New OleDbDataAdapter(cmdBatch) Dim ds As New Data. DataSet connect your mobile/GSM modem to PC, then go in device manager and check under ports which COM port has been slected if say com1 is there then put com2 in following statement Dim SMSEngine As New SMSCOMMS(COM14) Dim i As Integer Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) End Sub Private Sub Form12_Load(ByVal sender As System. Object, ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles MyBase. Load daBatch. Fill(ds, batch) cmbBatch. DataSource = ds. Tables(batch) cmbBatch. DisplayMember = batch cmbBatch. ValueMember = batch Try cn. Open() cmd = New OleDbCommand(SELECT regno,sName FROM studentmaster, cn) dr = cmd. ExecuteReader While dr. Read ComboBox1. Items. Add(dr(0). ToString) cmbRegNo. Items. Add(dr(0). ToString()) End While dr. Close() cn. Close() Catch ex As Exception MsgBox(ex. Message, MsgBoxStyle. Critical, Error) End Try End Sub TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION 4. 1 TESTING TECHNIQUES: SECURITY TESTING: Security testing is implemented in the part of the login section and change password section. For login: User name: (text) Password: (text) change password: user NAME: (text) TYPE PASSWORD: (text) RETYPE PASSWORD: (text) UNIT TESTING: In unit testing, we have to test the programs making up the system. For this reason, Unit testing sometimes called as Program testing. The software units in a system are the modules and routines that are assembled and integrated to perform a specific function, Unit testing first on the modules independently of one another, to locate errors. This enables, to detect errors in coding and logic that are contained with the module alone. The testing was carried out during programming stage itself. INTEGRATION TESTING: Integration testing is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before validation testing. Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing. . 2. COMPARISON BETWEEN ACTUAL RESULTS AND EXPECTED RESULTS Actual results| Expected results| To initiate the system by giving the user name and password also enable the change the password. | Enter the user name and password to login the system. | In student profile, entering the details of the student and which is showing in data grid. To store the details in DB. | To view the inserted details in data grid and store in the DB. | In student mark system, it automatically generates the name of the student which is already saved in the profile database. Enable to send the marks to the parent via SMS. | To show the inserted details in data grid and store in the DB. Allows sending the information. | It automatically generates the reg. number of the student, which is already saved in the student profile. | To Validate the fields whether empty or not.. | Whether the text is more than 160 characters is checked. | Check the character size more than 160 or not. | To store the send message content in DB. | Store the sent items in DB| 4. 3. TEST REPORTS: UNIT TESTING OF EVERY MODULE: LOGIN FORM User name: (text) Password: (text) If any field remains empty it produces test case Test case result: message box pops out informing have to be entered. STUDENT PROFILE REG NO: (ALPHA NUMERIC) NAME: (TEXT) DEPARTMENT: (TEXT) CLASS (TEXT) ADDRESS: (ALPHA NUMERIC) PHONE NUMBER: (NUMBER) TEST CASE RESULT: I) If the regno, class, dept, address, phone number, name remains empty Msgbox appears informing that enter the respective data in the appropriate field. II)Phone number must be 12 digits with the(+). MARK ANALYSIS: In mark analysis by selecting appropriate batch number, department, semester, section it loads the reg no and also the number subjects in the semester. Then marks are needed to be entered. But they should be below 76. Name with reg. no: combo box selection of register number Type of test: type of the test from the combo box it will be either unit test I, unit test II, models Marks: it should have value less than 76. EMERGENCY: Name with reg. no: combo box selection of register number Mobile number: appears automatically when regno is selected Message text: text length should be less than 160 4. 4 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION The implementation of â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM† is tool for day-to-day usage was to provide a user friendly environment supporting all platforms. Here the implementation of the system with SMS sending option is termed as the easiest follow up. Here the SMS sending methodology id followed as connecting the mobile in com port and configuring it in the coding. After configuring the respective comport number is added in the coding. Thus the system is ready to send the information. To use the system in the computer environment the knowledge of installation is a essential part. 5. CONCLUSION The â€Å"SMS BASED STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM† allows to send Student Information through SMS to reduce the manual work of class advisors also sending the activity information to the parents. This system supports in enrolling the student details and the respectively that is to be registered in the project. The attendance depends on the total number of hours and the present hours of the students. The emergency module allows sending the information in the form of simple text which can be considered as the messaging option. This module can be used daily for sending any current information of the student to the parents. To the end the system has customized the complete student information into a single system which provides a efficient system reducing the work of class advisor. The aspect of the report generation also builds a pillar to prove the efficiency of the project. 6. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS The project has covered almost all the requirements. Further requirements and improvements can easily be done since the coding is mainly structured or modular in nature. Changing the existing modules or adding new modules can adding improvements. In our proposed,the project can run in the individual machine and the absent details and exam mark details of each student is send to their parents through SMS in text formats. In feature enhancement the details will be send in voice formats. Use of different unicode language is possible in the future enhancements. BIBLIOGRAPHY 7. 1. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Alistair Mc Monnies,â€Å"Object-oriented programming in Visual Basic . NET†, Pearson Education, and ISBN: 81-297-0649-0, First Indian Reprint 2004. 2. Jittery R. Shapiro, â€Å"The Complete Reference Visual Basic . NET† Edition 2002,Tata McGraw-Hill, Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 3. Robert D. Schneider, Jetty R. Garbus, â€Å"Optimizing SQL Server†, Second Edition, Pearson Education Asia, ISBN: 981-4035-20-3 7. 2. WEB REFERENCES: 1. http://vbdotnetheaven. com 2. codeproject. com 3. http://msdn. microsoft. com APPENDIX 8. 1 SCREEN LAYOUTS: LOGIN FORM: CHANGE PASSWORD FORM: STUDENT PROFILE FORM: ATTENDANCE FORM MONTHLY RECORD OF ATTENDANCE: MARK ANALYSIS SUBJECT ENTRY: REPORT GENERATION FOR MARK ANALYSIS: EMERGENCY: